C#开发HttpHelper帮助类

代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;

namespace Helper
{
    public static class HttpHelper
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// http/https请求响应
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="getOrPost"></param>
        /// <param name="url">地址（要带上http或https）</param>
        /// <param name="headers">请求头</param>
        /// <param name="parameters">提交数据</param>
        /// <param name="dataEncoding">编码类型 utf-8</param>
        /// <param name="contentType">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static HttpWebResponse HttpRequest(
            string getOrPost,
            string url,
            Dictionary<string, string> headers,
            Dictionary<string, string> parameters,
            Encoding dataEncoding,
            string contentType
            )
        {
            var request = CreateRequest(getOrPost, url, headers, parameters, dataEncoding, contentType);

            //如果需要POST数据  
            if (getOrPost == "POST" &amp;&amp; !(parameters == null || parameters.Count == 0))
            {
                var data = FormatPostParameters(parameters, dataEncoding, contentType);

                using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
                    stream.Close();
                }
            }

            WebResponse Res = null;
            try
            {
                Res = request.GetResponse();
            }
            catch (WebException ex)
            {
                Res = (HttpWebResponse)ex.Response;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                throw e;
            }

            if (null == Res)
            {
                return request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
            }

            return (HttpWebResponse)Res;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// http/https请求响应
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="getOrPost"></param>
        /// <param name="url">地址（要带上http或https）</param>
        /// <param name="headers">请求头</param>
        /// <param name="byteData">提交数据</param>
        /// <param name="dataEncoding">编码类型 utf-8</param>
        /// <param name="contentType">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static HttpWebResponse HttpRequest2(
            string getOrPost,
            string url,
            Dictionary<string, string> headers,
            byte[] byteData,
            Encoding dataEncoding,
            string contentType
            )
        {
            var request = CreateRequest(getOrPost, url, headers, null, dataEncoding, contentType);

            //如果需要POST数据  
            if (getOrPost == "POST" &amp;&amp; !(byteData == null || byteData.Length == 0))
            {
                using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    stream.Write(byteData, 0, byteData.Length);
                    stream.Close();
                }
            }

            WebResponse Res = null;
            try
            {
                Res = request.GetResponse();
            }
            catch (WebException ex)
            {
                Res = (HttpWebResponse)ex.Response;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                throw e;
            }

            if (null == Res)
            {
                return request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
            }

            return (HttpWebResponse)Res;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 创建HTTP请求对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="getOrPost"></param>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <param name="headers"></param>
        /// <param name="parameters"></param>
        /// <param name="paraEncoding"></param>
        /// <param name="contentType"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static HttpWebRequest CreateRequest(
            string getOrPost
            , string url
            , Dictionary<string, string> headers
            , Dictionary<string, string> parameters
            , Encoding paraEncoding
            , string contentType
            )
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("url");
            }

            if (parameters != null &amp;&amp; parameters.Count > 0 &amp;&amp; paraEncoding == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("requestEncoding");
            }

            HttpWebRequest request = null;
            //判断是否是https  
            if (url.StartsWith("https", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
                    new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckValidationResult);
                request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
                request.ProtocolVersion = HttpVersion.Version10;
            }
            else
            {
                request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
            }

            if (getOrPost == "GET")
            {
                request.Method = "GET";

                if (parameters != null &amp;&amp; parameters.Count > 0)
                {
                    url = FormatGetParametersToUrl(url, parameters, paraEncoding);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                request.Method = "POST";
            }

            if (contentType == null)
            {
                request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8";
            }
            else
            {
                request.ContentType = contentType;
            }

            //POST的数据大于1024字节的时候，如果不设置会分两步
            request.ServicePoint.Expect100Continue = false;
            request.ServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = int.MaxValue;

            if (headers != null)
            {
                FormatRequestHeaders(headers, request);
            }

            return request;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 格式化请求头信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="headers"></param>
        /// <param name="request"></param>
        private static void FormatRequestHeaders(Dictionary<string, string> headers, HttpWebRequest request)
        {
            foreach (var hd in headers)
            {
                //因为HttpWebRequest中很多标准标头都被封装成只能通过属性设置，添加的话会抛出异常
                switch (hd.Key.ToLower())
                {
                    case "connection":
                        request.KeepAlive = false;
                        break;
                    case "content-type":
                        request.ContentType = hd.Value;
                        break;
                    case "transfer-enconding":
                        request.TransferEncoding = hd.Value;
                        break;
                    default:
                        request.Headers.Add(hd.Key, hd.Value);
                        break;
                }
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 格式化Get请求参数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">URL</param>
        /// <param name="parameters">参数</param>
        /// <param name="paraEncoding">编码格式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>

        private static string FormatGetParametersToUrl(string url, Dictionary<string, string> parameters, Encoding paraEncoding)
        {
            if (url.IndexOf("?") < 0)
                url += "?";
            int i = 0;
            string sendContext = "";
            foreach (var parameter in parameters)
            {
                if (i > 0)
                {
                    sendContext += "&amp;";
                }

                sendContext += UrlEncode(parameter.Key, paraEncoding)
                       + "=" + UrlEncode(parameter.Value, paraEncoding);
                ++i;
            }

            url += sendContext;
            return url;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 格式化Post请求参数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parameters">编码格式</param>
        /// <param name="dataEncoding">编码格式</param>
        /// <param name="contentType">类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static byte[] FormatPostParameters(Dictionary<string, string> parameters, Encoding dataEncoding, string contentType)
        {
            string sendContext = "";
            int i = 0;
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) &amp;&amp; contentType.ToLower().Trim() == "application/json")
            {
                sendContext = "{";
            }

            foreach (var para in parameters)
            {
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) &amp;&amp; contentType.ToLower().Trim() == "application/json")
                {
                    if (i > 0)
                    {
                        if (para.Value.StartsWith("{"))
                        {
                            sendContext += string.Format(@",""{0}"":{1}", para.Key, para.Value);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            sendContext += string.Format(@",""{0}"":""{1}""", para.Key, para.Value);
                        }

                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (para.Value.StartsWith("{"))
                        {
                            sendContext += string.Format(@"""{0}"":{1}", para.Key, para.Value);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            sendContext += string.Format(@"""{0}"":""{1}""", para.Key, para.Value);
                        }

                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (i > 0)
                    {
                        sendContext += string.Format("&amp;{0}={1}", para.Key, UrlEncode(para.Value, dataEncoding));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        sendContext = string.Format("{0}={1}", para.Key, UrlEncode(para.Value, dataEncoding));
                    }
                }

                i++;
            }

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) &amp;&amp; contentType.ToLower().Trim() == "application/json")
            {
                sendContext += "}";
            }

            byte[] data = dataEncoding.GetBytes(sendContext);
            return data;
        }


        private static bool CheckValidationResult(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain,
            SslPolicyErrors errors)
        {
            return true; //总是接受  
        }

        public static string UrlEncode(string str,Encoding paraEncoding)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            byte[] byStr = paraEncoding.GetBytes(str); //默认是System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str)
            for (int i = 0; i < byStr.Length; i++)
            {
                sb.Append(@"%" + Convert.ToString(byStr[i], 16));
            }

            return (sb.ToString());
        }
    }
}

GET请求调用方法：

var reqGET = HttpHelper.HttpRequest(
             "GET" 
             , "http://api_domain/api/v1/data/get"
             , null
             , null
             , Encoding.UTF8
             , "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"
             );

System.IO.StreamReader readerGET;
readerGET = new System.IO.StreamReader(reqGET.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
var respHTML = readerGET.ReadToEnd();  //得到响应结果
readerGET.Close();
reqGET.Close();

POST请求调用方法：

RealTimePostData postData = new RealTimePostData() { F_TrainNo = "CR200J-01", F_Items = new List<RealTimePostChildData>() };
string jsonData = SerializeObject(postData);
byte[] byteData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonData);
var reqPOST = HttpHelper.HttpRequest2(
             "POST",
            , api_domain + "/api/v1/realtimedata/post"
            , null,
            , byteData,
            , Encoding.UTF8
            , "application/json"
            );

System.IO.StreamReader readerPOST;
readerPOST = new System.IO.StreamReader(reqPOST.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
var respHTMLPOST = readerPOST.ReadToEnd(); //得到响应结果
readerPOST.Close();
reqPOST.Close();

POST提交json数据需要将实体对象转为json字符串，方法如下：

// 需要引入using Newtonsoft.Json;
public static string SerializeObject(object o)
{
    string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(o);
    return json;
}

本文呈现的代码是针对C#进行HTTP请求使用的通用帮助类，在项目中使用时，可以根据使用场景进一步封装HttpHelper类中的方法。

C#开发HttpHelper帮助类

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